#1: PDF Primer: Printing and Converting

Let's take a moment and imagine what life would be like without PDF files, that standard document format that is viewable across all operating system platforms (e.g. Windows, Macintosh, Linux). The standard document format makes it easy to exchange documents that keep the original formatting they were created with--including graphics, layout and fonts. You can print to PDF from any program on your computer (e.g. MS Publisher, MS Excel, Kid Pix, etc.) and, instead of seeing the file come out on your printer, it appears as a file on your computer. That text and images in that file can be copied and pasted to other documents by the recipient, or they can be locked with a password (although you can bypass the security of PDF files with the right software). Without PDF files, everyone would have to have the exact same computer system, including fonts and software. This would present problems, obviously.

However, printing to PDF--you never save a file to PDF file format--requires a special printer driver. Individuals were limited to a proprietary solution by Adobe, the company that originally came up with Acrobat PDF files. While Adobe has lowered the cost of the tools used to create PDF files, this can still be an expensive purchase when you may not need all the features of the proprietary program.

Be aware that the proprietary software (works only on Mac and Windows platforms) also allows you to edit text in PDF files, merge multiple PDF files together, as well as a host of other features. Most people, though, only want to put their original documents in a format they can easily share with others. Since they have access to the original document, they have little need to take advantage of the features offered by the more expensive Adobe Acrobat product. So, what are the free alternatives to the $100-$160 (depending on whether you buy the standard or professional version) Adobe Acrobat software? 

You have several alternatives, and they generally provide the basic functionality needed to create PDF files. These are divided into two categories--PDF Printer Drivers and Web-based Conversion Programs. PDF Printer Drivers allow you to print from any application (e.g. MS Publisher) to Portable Document Format (PDF), while Web-based Conversion Programs will take most files you have created and convert them after creation to PDF. It is up to you to determine which is most convenient.

PDF Printer Drivers

  1. CutePDF - http://www.cutepdf.com
    It is free for personal and non-commercial use. A shareware version exists for $49.92

  2. MyMorph - http://docmorph.nlm.nih.gov/docmorph/default.htm
    A Windows only program, it enables you to convert hundreds of files for conversion to PDF. It requires Internet access since it works with the Web-based Conversion Program, DocMorph (shared below). MyMorph is a Windows-based software program that significantly increases the functionality of the DocMorph Web site by enabling users to select hundreds of files at one time for PDF file conversion. MyMorph uploads files via the Internet to DocMorph, waits for results, and downloads the newly created PDF files to hard disk.

  3. PDF Creator - http://sector7g.wurzel6.de/pdfcreator/index_en.htm
    A standard PDF Printer Driver for Windows, it allows you to print from any application to a PDF file.

  4. OpenOffice 2.0 - http://www.openoffice.org
    Not strictly a PDF Printer Driver, OpenOffice allows you to open any MS Office document and then export the file to PDF. This limits the file formats you can work with to those that can be opened by OpenOffice. Be aware that OpenOffice 2.0 (available for free on all software platforms) can open over 100 different formats, including MS Office, multiple graphic formats, and more.


Web-based Conversion Programs

  1. DocMorph -  http://docmorph.nlm.nih.gov/docmorph/docmorph.htm
    Allows you to convert from fifty different file formats, including PDFs, to five different outputs. Those output formats include Portable Document Format (PDF), Multi-page Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), Single-page TIFF, Text, and Synthesized speech.

  2. Online PDF Converter - http://convert.neevia.com
    While this online PDF converter has a 1 megabyte limit per file--which may limit you if you have a document that has lots of images--you can convert from a wide variety of formats (easily over 50) to PDF.  Two nice features is that it allows you to add a watermark image of any text you enter on multiple pages. It also enables you to encrypt your PDF document. While I recommend using your own encryption tools (read previous issue of Download a la Mode regarding Data Encryption for more information), this can add a simple protection to your document.

  3. PDF Online - http://pdfonline.com
    Converts various formats (MS Office, html, common graphic formats) to PDF. Note that you can buy additional PDF Printer Drivers at prices ranging from approximately $10 to $40. However, you should consider the tools in the previous section--PDF Printer Drivers--before investing.

If you're wondering which to go with, consider what your needs are. If you are using MS Publisher, as well as other software (not including MS Office), and you need to print to PDF, then definitely consider using PDF Creator. If your needs are much simpler--for example, you want to convert Powerpoint and MS Word documents to PDF--then install a copy of Open Office 2.x on your computer or take advantage of DocMorph for single conversions to PDF, or MyMorph if converting multiple documents. Again, your best best is to use Open Office when dealing with MS Office documents. This is especially true for Windows and Linux users. Macintosh users, of course, can choose print then click on the PDF button to save the file as a PDF.

#2: Storing Bookmarks Online

Social bookmarking is defined in Wikipedia's online encyclopedia in the following way as an activity that is...

...performed over a computer network that allows users to save and categorize a personal collection of bookmarks and share them with others. Users may also take bookmarks saved by others and add them to their own collection, as well as to subscribe to the lists of others.


These free, web-based tools go much farther than traditional web-based bookmarking tools. Those tools are considered first generation tools that are focused on individual use. Unlike those tools, social bookmarking falls into the concept of the Read/Write Web. The Read/Write Web is focused on collaboration and interacting with others online. Like blogs, wikis and other tools, these are about sharing our information online. Often, these social bookmarking lists end up redistributed via blogs as Real Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds. RSS, if you are not familiar with it, is a way of sharing frequently updated information in list format that includes date, time, title and content in easily readable format. Most blogs and content management systems take advantage of RSS to distribute their content to a wide audience. Social bookmarking tools also take advantage of RSS for the same reason.

For example, if you use any of the following free services, others can subscribe to your bookmark list and see what you find worthy of bookmarking. Three of my favorite social bookmarking tools include  the following:

The services they offer are essentially the same, however, each has its own pecularities and eccentricities. You will have to experiment and find the one that best fits your style. Del.icio.us is the most popular and widely-used of social bookmarking tools, and others are springing up. Del.icio.us was also just purchased by Yahoo!, so changes are expected. Yahoo! also purchased another Read/Write Web tool that is popular known as Flickr!

#3: Sharing Images


Like social bookmarking, sharing images on the web for more than just personal use has become a phenomenon. Sharing pictures so that others can use them--sometimes under Creative Commons copyright--is fast-becoming a way of building a communal image repository. Like Del.icio.us,
Flickr was one of the first tools on the scene. Others--such as Zoto, Glide Digital, Shutterbook--are available, but Flickr is by far the best and most widely used. You can even take pictures with your mobile phone and have them automatically appear on Flickr. Some are creatively using Flickr images to generate slide shows.

At their best, these online tools allow you to create web-based photo albums that facilitate image sharing with family and friends, as well as complete strangers if you so choose. You can add comments to the photos, as well as post photos to your blog. This makes these image sharing tools incredibly powerful enablers for you to share your life with others. Unfortunately, they are tools that are used by both adults and children alike and sometimes, images shared can be inappropriate. In other circumstances, they can also be the perfect tool. How these image sharing resources are used and how accessible they are behind district firewalls is up for debate.

#4: Storing Files Online


Ever had to email a large file--whether it's a multimedia slide show, zipped file, digital photo, or video--to someone only to find that they didn't have enough email storage capacity in their email to receive it? Or, worse, that you lacked the storage to send the file? While you could have emailed that file to yourself using a Yahoo or Gmail account with extra storage space (2-4 gigabytes of space, respectively), you could also have taken advantage of online storage services. Often, while we may have places to store large files online as backups, how do we send those to others? Several such services exist and include the following:

  • openomy - http://openomy.com/
    Provides 1 gigabyte of storage space, is free (or it wouldn't be listed here), and allows you to have open space accessible as well as closed space (private). Unlike past online storage space services, it organizes information using tags (short single word descriptors) rather than folders. This allows you to refer to the file using a variety of words or tags. This enables the file to reach a greater audience because you are not focused on the file but the words that describe the file.

  • Dropload - http://www.dropload.com
    This fascinating service allows you to "drop your files off" and then allow someone else to pick them up. You upload the file then specify who is to be the person that will pick up the file. The person receives an email with the necessary instructions on how to get the file you've made available for them. The files--up to a 100 megabytes each--are kept online for 7 days and then deleted. 

  • YouSendIt - http://www.yousendit.com
    A service similar to DropLoad, also free, but provides you with up to 1 gigabyte of storage space and features data encryption.


#5: Creating Online Tutorials


Wish you had a tool to create online tutorials without expensive software? If you're a Windows or Linux user, then you can take advantage of Wink. Wink is a tutorial and presentation creation software, primarily aimed at creating tutorials on how to use software. It allows you to capture screenshots, add explanations boxes, buttons, titles, and more so as to create tutorial. Once you have created a tutorial, you can save it in a variety of formats such as Macromedia Flash, Standalone EXE, PDF, PostScript, HTML or any of the following image formats: BMP/JPG/PNG/TIFF/GIF.


#6: Converting PowerPoint Slide Shows to Web-based


Although Wink is a nice tool to use to create tutorials, what if you already have Powerpoint presentations that you want to place on the Web as slide shows? While we could use Powerpoint's built-in Save As HTML feature, the resulting HTML files and graphics are bloated and painful to manage. How could we easily put our Powerpoint presentation on the Web in one file? A simple solution is to use OpenOffice 2.0. This free, open source Office Suite enables you to open Powerpoint presentations then export them as a Flash movie. Flash compatibility is now standard on Windows, Mac and Linux operating system Internet browsers. In addition to being more compatible (Flash movies easily work on more browsers than the html code generated by Powerpoint's export feature), you also have only ONE file to work with. This means you can easily attach the file to emails you might send, put it on your web server and then point people to the web address. Or, you could place the file on the web so that it can.

#7: Creating and Sharing a Calendar Online


There are a wide variety of tools available for sharing calendars of events online. However, here are three that you need to be aware of that take advantage of Read/Write Web technologies such as RSS. Those include the following:

  • Calendar Hub - http://calendarhub.com/
    According to their web site, it allows you to create multiple personal or group calendars, find and add local events to your calendar, get reminders by email/phone, invite others to events, and provide RSS feeds to any calendar. You can also subscribe to public calendars, enabling even more information sharing.

  • RSS Calendar - http://rsscalendar.com
    Similar to Calendar Hub, and also includes RSS Feed for inclusion in your blog.


#8 Free Graphic Editors

Some time ago, I had the opportunity to visit several private school campuses. Of course, I was privately surveying their level of technology implementation (LOTI). However, I was surprised that some campuses weren't taking advantage of all the free available software that they could use.

At one campus, I was led by a proud administrator to a small room crammed with eMac computers. These were brand new machines and the teacher appeared to be brand new as well. His background was as an artist, and I asked him, "So, what software are you using?" He went on for awhile discussing the theory and background of art...but the tools he described included Word's built-in graphics editor and PowerPoint.

I was a bit surprised that he was unaware of the free tools available on the Internet. I shared with him The GIMP as an alternative to Photoshop--on a private school budget, free is preferable to whatever Photoshop or Fireworks costs these days. I shared that The GIMP runs on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems Later this evening, I received an email about another product--ImageWell --that is a simple graphics editor. Unfortunately, it's only available for Macs running OS X.

Tool Link(s):  



#9 Protecting Deleted Files


Over the last 6 months, I've had to explain to several folks that simply because you delete files on your computer, it does not mean that they are "safe" and "unrecoverable." In fact, it is a relatively simple manner to undelete files off your computer. This is especially true when undeleting files from hard drives on computers sent out for disposal, especially when little has been done to remove the data. Often, reimaging a hard drive just is not enough. With the real threat of identity theft, it is much too dangerous to not establish a regular pattern of wiping your hard drive's "free space" to get rid of deleted files.

In previous columns, I recommended using Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or Cryptainer LE to encrypt sensitive files. Yet, everything you do leaves traces of information on your computer that others can access. You should consider using programs like those mentioned below to ensure your privacy after using a computer. One such free utility is Eraser 5.7. It allows you to permanently erase files, just like the free PGP software, so that they are unrecoverable, even by "forensic" methods used by government and the FBI (ok, ok...but isn't it nice to know that it's that high a quality program?). While this may seem a bit extreme, even paranoid, remember that at some time, we all deal with confidential information on our computers. Would you want that data accessible to someone should your computer be stolen or accessed inappropriately?

Eraser has a free hard drive reformatting utility that can remove asset tracking programs like Absolute Software's CompuTrace. I always have a laugh at the way school districts seek to use software to protect against theft...with this software, a Linux Boot CD, this protection is nullified. It is protection only for those computers that aren't stolen. This is important to know, especially for organizations who might choose to use this expensive software in lieu of other security methods (e.g. cables to secure computer equipment).

In addition to protecting your email privacy, you may also want to consider the following free utilities available from JavaCool Software, the same folks that made SpywareBlaster.

  •  MRU Blaster: Protect your privacy - find and remove over 30,000 most recently used lists and other stores of hidden information.

  •  ID-Blaster: Destroy tracking tactics by randomizing GUID/Unique ID numbers found on your computer.

  •  DocScrubber: Removes critical information that you might be inadvertently revealing through your Microsoft Word documents.

And, what's the new software I found recently? Well, it's called Win-Privacy Tools (WinPT). "Windows Privacy Tools (WinPT) is a collection of multilingual applications for easy digital encryption and signing of content. It's GnuPG-based, compatible with OpenPGP compliant software (like PGP) and free for commercial and personal use under the GPL. " ().

I also put together a quick tutorial on how to use Eraser to wipe data off your hard drive. It's very simple and can fit on a floppy disk. I hope these are useful to you as you protect your privacy. I also encourage you to read the following:

Tool Link(s): 



#10 Managing Photo Albums


If you're a Mac user, you probably already use iPhoto to manage your digital photographs and images. And, of course, you can share photos through your .Mac account. Of course, one always should be careful about putting their photos online for fear of how they may be used in ways beyond one's control.

However, if you are a Windows user, then you must rely on other free tools available to you. The following software and web-based tools--listed in order of author's preference--boast powerful photo album management and sharing features.

Tool Link(s): 

  •  JAlbum.net - http://jalbum.net/
    This is photo album software that makes web albums of your digital pictures. It works on all computer platforms (e.g. Mac, Windows, Linux, Solaris) because it is a Java applet. It is also available in multiple languages.

  •  Picassa - http://picasa.com/index.php
    This program searches your computer for all digital images and puts them into a virtual photo album. You can move photos around, re-arrange them easily, delete them, etc. Note that Picassa can work with Hello to share photos directly on the Web. It has an annoying feature in that it leaves a log file in each directory it scans. While one can easily do a file search and mass delete all the files, it can be a pain when working with web albums.
    Hello with Bloggerbot -
    http://www.hello.com/

  •  Flickr - http://www.flickr.com/
    Allows you to post photos online and share them with others. The web site describes Flickr as "the WD-40 that makes it easy to get photos from one person to another in whatever way they want." This includes photos from the web, from mobile devices, from the users' home computers and from whatever software they are using to manage their photos. Flickr also supports sharing the photos via the Flickr website, in RSS feeds, by email, by posting to outside blogs.

  •  PhotoBucket - http://www.photobucket.com/
    Photobucket.com provides image hosting for Ebay, live journals, blogs, message boards, and online photo albums.

#11 – Compressing Multiple Files to Email

Sending Email attachments is easy, but can cause a lot of trouble for the recipient. Before you send an Email message, contact the recipient and agree on a compression format. Compression programs work like electronic suitcases. A suitcase allows you to carry your clothes relatively neatly on long trips. This is the same reason we use compression programs. There are several formats:

The most popular compression format is ZIP, an established compression format that is available on Linux, Windows, and Macs. The programs that you use to decompress filename.zip files include (but aren't limited to) Aladdin's Stuffit Expander (http://www.stuffit.com/cgi-bin/stuffit_loginpage.cgi?standardwinexp), a free cross-platform decompression program. It uncompresses all popular compressed and encoded formats including ZIP (.zip), MIME Base64 (.mim, .mime, .b64), RAR, UUENCODE (.uu, .uue), GZIP (.gz .z), ARJ (.arj .pak), ARC (.arc), BINHEX (.hqx) and STUFFIT (.sit .sea). This program's ease of use and ability to handle many file-types make it a must-have. For example, double-clicking on a zip file can create a directory and extract all files into it. Note that the program cannot handle multi-part or encrypted files.

You can create, as well as decompress, zip files on the Windows XP platform using built-in ZIP compression. Simply right click on the file or folder of files you want to compress and take advantage of the SEND TO COMPRESSED (ZIP) FOLDER.

Of course, there are a wealth of compression programs. At no cost, you can get IZArc (http://www.izarc.org/), a versatile, easy to use compression program. In addition to an easy to use Windows Explorer interface, IZArc allows standard operations such as adding, viewing, deleting, renaming files in a compressed archive. You can also use IZArc to install programs from the downloaded archive (a time-saver!), check archives for viruses, and perform multi-disk spanning of files. It is compatible with the popular ZIP format, as well as an alphabet soup of compression formats, including 7-ZIP, ACE,ARC, ARJ, BH, BZ2, CAB, DEB, GZ,HA, JAR, LHA, LZH,PAK, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR,TGZ, TZ, ZIP and ZOO.

You can also create self-extracting, or executable, password-protected archives that don't require a decompression program to expand. This is useful if you want to give a file to a neophyte who may not know how to handle compressed programs yet, as well as enhance security.

For Macintosh users, zipping is as simple as a right-mouse click (or Ctrl-Click with a single button mouse). When right-button mouse clicking, click on the file you want to ARCHIVE files to ZIP format.



#12 – Setting Up a Web Server


One classroom teacher at the TCEA State Conference (http://www.tcea.org/) said, "I want to set up my own Web server in my classroom because I can't get space on the District server. Am I able to do that?" The answer is, "Of course!" Then, I reminded the person that they should check into their district's acceptable use policy. At this point, the person just smiled and we moved on to the details.

If you enjoy sharing student work or publishing your own work, but lack funding (approximately $10,000 for a Windows server) to buy your own server and place it in the District's server farm, or lack support, then you are probably considering setting up your own Web server using a desktop machine. You wouldn't believe how many other educators are doing the same thing. In a few hours, you can probably find a wealth of free Web server software to use. Most of it is difficult to set up and get going, but after hours of looking, you may run across Xerver (http://www.javascript.nu/xerver/), which also has versions available for Mac and Linux.

Xerver is surprisingly easy, safe to use – which means that it does not have any security holes yet discovered – and easy to set up Web server software. It features a setup wizard that guides you through setting up the server, allowing you to specify which folder has your Web pages, whether you want to password protect directories (a nice feature difficult to achieve with some server software), and much more. It also has Web-based administration; that means you can administer or change the setup of your Web server via the Web. Of course, this feature can be disabled once you are done with setup. It also comes with built-in File Transfer Protocol (FTP) features. FTP is essential to a Web server since FTP software is what you use to transfer Web pages you’ve created from your computer to the Web server where they are shared on the Web.

While Mac OS X has built-in capabilities, you may want more control. In that case, you should investigate Web Crossing Express (http://webcrossing.com/express/) the free version of a Web/FTP/Email server. It is similar to Xerver in its capabilities and features, except that Web Crossing comes in Windows, Mac and Linux versions! Definitely a program to check out!



#13 - Setting Up an FTP Server


The concept of FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is quite simple. Files are shared via an FTP server--which can be any computer--and then accessed using an FTP client that allows one to get or put files depending on levels of access. Setting up an FTP server has become a simple process. As a matter of fact, just like Web servers, you can take any computer and make it into a file sharing station using FTP Server software. There are many uses for this, from allowing students to put and get, or upload and download respectively, files from a central location. You can restrict their access to one folder, but then later get all the folders for viewing purposes. I imagine its use in Web design classes and other places where a network drive has not been set up for you or your students.

On the Windows side, there are a variety of programs. One such program is FileZilla Server (http://sourceforge.net/projects/filezilla/). Another free, Windows possibility is GuildFTPd (http://www.mrbass.org/leech/). Now, both of these are flexible, free FTP Server programs that you can use. Regardless of which one you choose, you will still need an FTP client. While many still use WS-FTP LE (http://www.ipswitch.com/), which is the free, academic version of the popular FTP client, others may want to take advantage of the more powerful, yet easy to use--and also free-- FileZilla FTP Client (http://sourceforge.net/projects/filezilla/).

While you don't have to use FileZilla FTP client to interact with FileZilla Server or GuildFTPd, the client is so easy to use you would do well to consider it. Another popular FTP client is SmartFTP (http://www.smartftp.com/), also free for academic use.

On the Macintosh side, you can use Fetch or one of the others available at FTP client (http://www.pure-mac.com/ftp.html). For educational, non-profit use, Fetch is available at no charge provided you register it. Transmit (http://www.panic.com/transmit/), a shareware alternative, has the more traditional split screen window...but as shareware, it is not free. A recommended, completely open source, free alternative FTP client for the Mac is Cyberduck (http://cyberduck.ch/) .Unfortunately, as far as I know, for the Mac platform, no free FTP Server software exists--with the exception of the Built-in FTP features of Mac OS X (http://www.creativemac.com/2002/09_sep/tutorials/ftposx020924.htm). Still, you might consider 3 FTP servers. I'll start with the most expensive:

  1. Rumpus FTP Server (http://www.maxum.com/Rumpus/) for the Macintosh is a quality program but is expensive at $249 (possibly less with academic discount). It is definitely industrial strength for education settings.

  2. By contrast, CrushFTP (http://www.crushftp.com/index.html) Server, which costs $25 for 10 concurrent users, works well for certain settings) is amazingly inexpensive but, unlike Rumpus, has many features that may be confusing to the novice user. However, CrushFTP server is initially easier to set up, handling command line edits in Terminal mode.

  3. Another shareware option is to get FTP-Config (http://gritsch.themac.de/ftp-config_web/manual/index.html), $20 for unlimited users. It is a program that installs a free FTP program on your MacOS X, Pure-FTPd, and provides a graphical user interface with "many of Pure-FTPd's features." Setup is simple and online help is detailed but not too detailed--a relief when you want to get things working quickly. This is the option this author recommends for low-cost entry into setting up a Mac FTP server.


#14 – Setting up an Email Server

Mass Emailing your colleagues for unsolicited, commercial use is considered SPAM (http://www.spamlaws.com/federal/can-spam.shtml). However, knowing how to send mass Emails is also a part of knowing how to use Email effectively. As such, an Email server can be a critical part of sending out Email using what are known as bulk Emailers. Some educational applications include the following:

  • Sending out HTML/Web Page newsletters to subscribers.

  • Sending Email out to your students.

  • Send Emails to organization members (e.g. TCEA).

  • Facilitate graduate research, Email surveys.

  • And, my personal favorite, send Email to thousands of workshop participants who have registered and attended—or failed to attend--professional development sessions within your District.

To send Email out in this way, you generally follow a process such as:

  1. Export only the data relevant from a series of relational databases to comma-delimited format or tab-delimited format. This exported data would include first name, last name, Email address, workshop #, workshop title, workshop date, and registration/attendance status (depending on whether the notice was going out prior to the workshop, or after they had attended the workshop);

  2. Import the data into a mass, or bulk, Emailer and customize the outgoing message using “mail merge” features that allows participants to receive a message tailor-made just for them;

  3. Set up your computer as an Email (SMTP) Server; and finally,

  4. Send out several hundred Emails. This is all a lot easier than it reads.

Some free Windows Email servers include:

  1. Free SMTP Server (http://www.softstack.com/freesmtp.html);

  2. PostCast Server (http://www.postcastserver.com/);

  3. ArGoSoft Freeware Email Server (http://www.versiontracker.com/dyn/moreinfo/win/14856).

For the Mac, there’s Mac OS X PostFix Mail Server (http://www.reitter-it-media.de/software/osxpostfix.html#panther) which comes built-in to the operating system but has to be switched on. My preference is ArGoSoft's Freeware Email Server (http://www.argosoft.com/mailserver/)

Some free or inexpensive bulk Emailers include FairLogic's WorldCast (http://www.fairlogic.com/worldcast/index.shtml) for Windows, which is free for non-profit use, and MacBulk Mailer (http://www.maxprog.com/MaxBulk.html) for Macintosh, which carries a $49 pricetag. Please note that a more detailed article on this topic is available online at “Staying in Touch: How To With Bulk Emailers” (http://www.mguhlin.net/artifacts/writings/2004/intouch.htm)



#15 - Protecting Myself from Spyware and Adware


"What are all these windows open on my screen?” a campus administrator asked me recently. Unfortunately, windows were appearing on her personal laptop's screen at an alarming rate. She had Adware! Adware sometimes causes advertising banners to appear on your screen in multiple, cascading windows that can appear so quickly that you are unable to use your computer for anything else. Furthermore, when doing a search, advertisements could appear everywhere on your computer. They are pernicious and invasive. And then there are Spybots, which are no fun either. These can be used to collect the keystrokes you make--consider how dangerous this is when typing in sensitive information such as social security numbers or critical passwords--and send them on to others.

Although we came to the brink of reformatting--wiping her hard drive of data and starting over--we were finally able to install the right combination of software to prevent spyware/adware software from taking over her computer. The software programs listed below are all free for individual use. I encourage you to take these steps to immediately protect your computer. If you are undergoing a spyware attack, start with Step 2; this will prevent pop-ups from overwhelming you as you try to take care of the problem. They include the following:

  1. Update your Windows Operating System. You can do this by pointing your Internet Explorer browser to “Protect Your PC” (http://www.microsoft.com/security/protect/default.asp)
    This Web site will allow you to get (download) the latest updates for your particular operating system.

  2. Install an Internet Monitoring or Firewall program such as Zone Lab's ZoneAlarm (http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/catalog/products/sku_list_za.jsp), Kerio's Personal Firewall (http://www.kerio.com/us/kpf_home.html) or Agnitum's Outpost Firewall Free (http://www.agnitum.com/download/outpost1.html). A firewall program essentially monitors and restricts incoming and outgoing Internet use. It allows you to see how the Internet is being accessed on your computer. After a few alerts, you are able to identify which program is trying to access the Internet and deduce why. The program can be taught to remember which programs to allow, and which to bar. ZoneAlarm is a free download and includes a short tutorial/wizard to help you configure it. The first few uses of the Internet will require your permission, but you will actually be able to prevent your computer from sending out unauthorized spyware connections. This is important since an unauthorized spyware could further install other software on your computer.

    If you do not want a firewall, but still want to know what programs on your computer require Internet access, you can install a monitoring program. For Macintosh computers, you can download
    BrickHouse (http://personalpages.tds.net/%7Ebrian_hill/brickhouse.html) or Little Snitch (http://www.obdev.at/products/littlesnitch/download.html) While both are shareware ($25), BrickHouse allows you unlimited use as opposed to Little Snitch which allows only three hours of use before you have to pay. Both will allow you to monitor incoming/outgoing traffic on your Mac. Although Macs, as of 11/26/2004, are immune to spyware, these two products will help you keep track of applications that communicate with the software manufacturer via the Internet.

    Windows users, who will still need a firewall program to monitor Internet connections even with Windows XP Service Pack 2 installed, can take advantage of the free
    WinPatrol (http://www.winpatrol.com/) or Spybot's TeaTimer, which is discussed below, to monitor Windows settings changes. Another alternative is JavaCool Software's FileChecker (http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/filechecker.html). Each program provides you with more information to facilitate your decision-making and awareness of spyware/adware/viruses that may need Internet access. In some cases, you are able to halt the process before worse damage occurs or recognize the problem. A rule of thumb is to disallow Internet access unless it is critical to the operation of your machine. This is especially critical after installing something you've just downloaded off the Internet, even if it is coming from C-Net's Download.com, which has some software infected with spyware/adware.

  3. Disable System Restore: If using Windows XP, you need to disable a feature called "system restore." This is a utility that makes back ups of selected files on your computer. If a virus infected file, or spyware/adware file, is backed up, when you restart your computer, the infected files will be restored. This would prevent a clean-up from taking place. You can find directions on how to disable System Restore online at “Disabling System Restore” (http://vil.nai.com/vil/SystemHelpDocs/DisableSysRestore.htm)

  4. Install several anti-spyware programs--unfortunately, 1 or 2 is not enough--including the following:

    • LavaSoft's Ad-Aware (http://www.lavasoftusa.com/software/adaware/): You'll want the free Personal version for home use, and either the Professional or Plus version for work).

    • Spyware Blaster (http://majorgeeks.com/download2859.html): This is a free program that innoculates your computer against spyware/adware.

    • Spyware Guard (http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/spywareguard.html): This is a free program (from the same people that developed Spyware Blaster) that monitors for spyware/adware.

    • Spybot (http://www.download.com/Spybot-Search-Destroy/3000-8022_4-10122137.html): If you activate Spybot's TeaTimer feature, you'll be notified of any changes to your Windows settings and registry (more about the registry in the next section). TeaTimer--like WinPatrol--will enable you to better control what changes are made to your computer.

      Between the four programs, you have a greater chance of cleaning out existing spyware and ensuring that no new spyware will find its way into your computer. If you believe your computer is already infested, you will also want to use
      CW-Shredder (http://www.download.com/Spybot-Search-Destroy/3000-8022_4-10122137.html). CW-Shredder, which is free, cleans out particularly pernicious spyware. Of course, Softpedia (http://www.softpedia.com/get/Internet/Popup-Ad-Spyware-Blockers/) offers others you can use. Another approach to take, especially if you haven't been hit yet, is to innoculate your computer against spyware. Spybot allows you to do this to some degree, but Spyware Blaster, mentioned above, prevents spyware from actually establishing a beachhead on your computer. You can find some free tutorials for installing these programs online at a site calling itself Anti Spyware Toolkit (http://itls.saisd.net/software/spykit/).

  5. Finally, fix your Windows Registry. If you've had to battle spyware or adware on your computer, then you may have other, long-lasting problems. After cleaning out toxic programs, the Registry on your computer has been corrupted. The Registry is a place where the Windows operating system, as well as other programs, save information about themselves. A corrupt registry means that your machine will start up slowly and/or crash frequently. While there are many "registry cleaners" out on the Web, I would recommend Macecraft's Registry Supreme (http://www.macecraft.com/regsupreme/). Not only is it easy to use, but when I used it on three different systems within it's 30 day evaluation period, it worked flawlessly. And, while not free, it only costs $12.95! And, cleaning your Registry periodically can speed up your system significantly! If you aren't interested in installing RegSupreme, you might try this alternative--although it's not as comprehensive as RegSupreme, it is completely free—EasyCleaner (http://personal.inet.fi/business/toniarts/ecleane.htm). EasyCleaner also offers other options similar to RegSupreme Pro including removing installed programs, checking startup services, and more.


#16 - Minimizing SPAM

Even though popular, free Email programs--such as Mozilla Thunderbird--may have built-in spam protection, I encourage you to consider using special programs like POPFile (http://popfile.sourceforge.net/) or K9 (http://keir.net/k9.html). Essentially, these programs are more than just spam blockers or fighters. They are an automatic Email classification tool that works with all incoming Email messages. If you can check your Email using a POP3 Email client, like those mentioned in response to question 9, then you can use them. Using Bayesian filters, they allow you much more flexibility than simply classifying Email as spam or ham, good or bad. Instead, you can use it to build a set of powerful filters that work in tandem with your Email program. With one of these two free programs in place, thousands of spam messages--with viruses--are quarantined or sent straight to the program's trashcan each day.


#17 - Downloading an Entire Web Site

Just when you think Internet access is ubiquitous, you find out it's not--and you're set to do an important presentation where you need to show off a Web site. Or, a student has created a Web page that defames a teacher and you need to get a copy of it for "evidence." Whatever your need, a program like Web Whacker (http://www.bluesquirrel.com/) can be useful. While there are costlier versions of "Web whacking" type software, you can obtain two free programs--Site Snagger (http://www.sharewarejunkies.com/8zwd5/site_snagger.htm) for Windows or SiteSucker (http://www.sitesucker.us/home.html) for Macintosh --that are similar and work effectively.


Both are free and easy to use; you simply paste the Web address into the appropriate location on the program, tell it how many levels deep you want to go (experiment with this so that you can better understand it), and then "snag" the site. Should you choose to snag more than two levels, be aware that all pages linked to the original page, and all pages linked to those pages will be saved to your hard drive. After snagging/sucking a Web site down, you can then open the index file for the site with a Web browser and everything will work--with the exception of "external" links that connect to materials not originally on the Web site you snagged. Finally, please be aware that you should make every effort to adhere to copyright fair use guidelines when snagging Web pages off the Internet.



#18 – Making Flyers, Brochures and More

A few years ago, I remember obtaining my first copy of Publish It!. It came on multiple diskettes, and allowed me to create brochures easily. Unlike with word processing programs of the time, such as WordPerfect, I was able to easily create textboxes, place images and then copy-n-paste text and have it flow from one frame to the next. While word processing programs have improved, some folk still long for an easy-to-use desktop publishing program. This probably explains the success of Microsoft Publisher, which comes with many templates and an extensive graphics library, which the Internet has made obsolete. You can now find free graphics on Web sites such as Open Clip Art Library (http://www.openclipart.org/downloads/index.php), which has 2,896 different images you can use. You can browse these graphics online (http://www.openclipart.org/cgi-bin/navigate) or get the ZIPped file.
There is also the Linux- and Macintosh-compatible Scribus (http://docs.scribus.net/). If you're a risk-taker then you can also attempt to install Scribus on your Windows computer. Just follow Installing Scribus on Win32 (http://wiki.scribus.net/index.php/Installing_Scribus_on_Win32).